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Auf diesen Seiten befinden sich die Texte und Zusatzmaterial zu den Vorgaben des Lehrplans.
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KONTAKT: klassenleher@googlemail.com

oder nutzt die Kommentarfunktion unterhalb der einzelnen posts

1.British traditions and visions: British history

From Empire to Commonwealth, monarchy and modern democracy

The UK and Europe

2.Post-colonialism and migration:

From Empire to Commonwealth, multicultural society, post-colonial experience in India, Indian and Pakistani communities in Britain

3.Shakespeare – a literary ‘giant’ in the 21st century

4.Globalization - global challenges

Economic and ecological issues

International peace-keeping at the turn of the century: the role of the UN and the USA

5. The USA – the American Dream then and now

The American Dream – concept, history and current issues

Cultural diversity in the USA – migration

6.Utopia and dystopia – exploring alternative worlds

Science and ethics: genetic engineering

Science fiction, fantasy and utopia


Und hier die verpflichtenden literarischen Vorgaben


Roman:

Don DeLillo: Falling Man (GK)

Drama:

Tennessee Williams: A Streetcar Named Desire oder Lorraine Hansberry: A Raisin in the Sun (GK)

Lyrik:

Social Criticism in modern poetry and songs (GK)

Spielfilm:

Sam Mendes: American Beauty oder J. Clyton/F.F. Coppola: The Great Gatsby

Freitag, September 11

How to analyse argumentative texts

How to analyse or write argumentative texts

Argumentative texts are leading article, comments, letters to the editor, political speeches or essays. Their aim is to convince, to persuade or even manipulate the reader or listener.

An argumentative texts normally consists of 3 parts: the introduction, the development and the conclusion but the structure can vary depending on the author’s use of structural and stylistic/rhetorical devices.

Structure

introduction

· author’s opinion is given, background or purpose for writing the text is given

· in speeches the speaker attracts the audience’s attention

progressive structure

using a clearly defined starting point, developing in a cause-to effect or problem-solution arrangement

® clarity through unity, logical coherence

antithetical structure

contrasting and juxtaposing of facts, ideas and arguments

® clarity and emphasis through comparison and contrast

development

arguments and evidence that support the author’s view are presented backed up by facts, examples or personal experience

the order is from the least or less important to the more and most important arguments

development I

arguments that oppose the author’s view are presented.

development II

arguments and evidence that support the author’s view are presented backed up by facts, examples or personal experience

conclusion

· mostly the last paragraph: the author’s opinion is repeated, often the most important reasons that have led to the opinion are summed up.

· in speeches the speaker often asks the audience to support his view or ideas and gives briefly an outlook

rhetorical devices

Some rhetorical devices often used in argumentative texts:

1. choice of words

The author uses/employs empathic, metaphorical, formal, colloquial or emotive language. Emotive language is often used to raise and maintain the reader/listeners attention. Strong adjectives or adverbs are used to reinforce the speakers/author’s opinion/determination.

Emphatic language is often used to reinforce the argumentation. Metaphorical language is employed to convey a vivid/lively/graphic impression/ picture and to enrich the language. It therefore conveys not only a meaning but also feelings etc. “Pictures say more than a thousand words”.

2. stylistic devices

The following devices are often used in argumentative texts:

· alliteration

· repetition

· anaphora

· metaphor

· symbol

· contrasts /antithesis

· comparison/ simile

· enumeration / listing

· exaggeration / hyperbole / understatement

· allusion

· analogy

· irony

· criticism

· The author alludes to/ suggests that

· He/she draws a comparison/ an analogy between

· He/she compares/contrasts A with B

· The speaker uses images/examples/metaphors/personification … to convey …

· He/she illustrates his/her argumentation by …

· He/she repeats … /uses repetition/ alliteration/ analogies to underline/ stress/ emphasise/ underscore that …

· He/she criticises (sth in an ironical way)/ attacks sb… . His/her criticism/ irony is directed against/ attacks …

When structuring a text do not forget to use linking words that express

· reason: therefore, that is why, because, as …

· condition: if, unless …

· concession: although, even though, despite the fact that, …

· result: consequently, thus, as a result, …

To enrich or improve your language you should use:

· gerunds / infinitive-constructions

· participle constructions

· passive

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